Why water damage is bigger than it looks
Water spreads laterally. A leak under a dishwasher or a burst supply line does not stay where it landed; it runs along the top of the subfloor, wicks into the end grain of flooring boards, and travels under cabinets and along joist bays where nothing is visible. By the time flooring cups, buckles or stains, the wet area is almost always larger than the marked area. That is why the first thing we do is establish the actual extent of what got wet rather than starting from the stain. Different materials fail differently, too. Solid hardwood cups as its underside takes on more moisture than its top. Engineered hardwood and laminate delaminate, with the layers separating irreversibly once the core is saturated. Vinyl may look untouched while trapping moisture against the subfloor beneath it. And the subfloor itself, particularly oriented strand board, swells at the edges and does not recover its thickness when it dries. Repairing the surface over a compromised subfloor is a repair that fails.