Why hardwood squeaks, and why winter makes it worse
Hardwood is hygroscopic, which means it constantly exchanges moisture with the air around it. In a humid Ontario summer the boards take on moisture and swell slightly; once the furnace runs and indoor air dries out, they give that moisture up and shrink. Repeat that cycle for thirty or fifty or a hundred years and the fasteners holding the flooring to the subfloor gradually lose their grip, because a nail shank holds a board down without ever pulling it tight against the wood around it. Eventually the board can move a fraction under weight, rubbing against a fastener or against the board beside it, and that friction is what you hear. Solid hardwood is usually blind-nailed through the tongue, so the squeak tends to be at the fastener. Engineered hardwood is often floated or glued, and there the noise more often comes from a seam that has separated or from the subfloor connection underneath rather than the flooring itself. Knowing which you have changes the repair entirely.